Arthur Rackham Illustration Essay

Arthur Rackham (1867-1939), the most notable Illustrator of his time. His work carried life to a wide range of stories, for example, the Grimm’s fantasies, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and a significant number of Shakespeare’s work. Rackham way to deal with these stories is loaded with ‘grace and grotesque’, usually in a similar picture, Rackham would have an excellent little youngster and an old wrinkled animal. The drawing likewise incorporate so much crude feeling Rackham’s work has a style of line and shading utilize that were conspicuous in the Art Nouveau development (1890-1914), a style that has is beginning become well known again a century later. Rackham turned into a full time craftsman at the youthful age of 25 as a journalist and artist for The Westminster Budget and furthermore did some little book representation employments, however it wasn’t until he was 37 (1905) that his vocation took off with the distribution of Rip Van Winkle. The years following his ascent to distinction were exceptionally beneficial. Making work for more than 30 unique stories, averaging 13 shading plates for each task. My preferred works Rackham did were his Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. Aside from cherishing the story Carroll composed, I think Rackham’s delineations are so wonderful and fit the story consummately. My most loved from this arrangement of drawings is Advice from a Caterpillar. Done in 1907, the 24. 5 x 16 cm drawing is just a couple of cm littler than A4 however shows such perplexing line work. Reference index http://www. alephbet. com/arthur-rackham-101. php http://www. library. pitt. edu/libraries/is/enroom/artists/rackham. htm http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/Arthur_Rackham

Poverty in Africa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Neediness in Africa - Essay Example This has driven not exclusively to the arrangement yet in addition to reinforcing of G8 every once in a while. The texture of G8 is inundating in its overlap perpetually zones of security, exchange, improvement and other human concerns including condition and manageable development and progression viewpoints. The 'breakdown' of the Brettonwoods framework in 1971, development of Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries in 1967, Yom Kippur War of 1973 the 1973 Oil Crisis, monetary downturn and stagflation in 1970s are the main considerations prompting rise of G8 (Tinbergen, 1977. See likewise http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973_oil_crisis ). Their anxiety for destitution likewise has clear reasons. Among creating and immature countries, Africa alone has around 170 million individuals living in subhuman conditions with basically only trash to eat day by day. This is, for sure, a huge capability of human asset going waste while living under extreme conditions. Eventual fate of the world, all things considered, lies in appropriate planned advancement of these across the board pockets of neediness and filth. G8, in that capacity, has advanced from a 'Library Group' to G8 today. Since 1975, the heads of state or administration of the major modern popular governments have been meeting every year to manage the major monetary and policy driven issues confronting their local social orders and the global network all in all. The six nations at the main highest point, held at Rambouillet, France, in November 1975, were France, the United States, Britain, Germany, Japan and Italy (in some cases alluded to as the G6). They were joined by Canada at the San Juan Summit of 1976 in Puerto Rico, and by the European Community at the London Summit of 1977. From that point on, enrollment in the Group of Seven, or G7, was fixed, albeit 15 building up nations' pioneers met with the G7 pioneers just before the 1989 Paris Summit, and the USSR and afterward Russia took part G8: Poverty in Africa in a post-highest point exchange with the G7 since 1991. Beginning with the 1994 Naples Summit, the G7 met with Russia at each highest point (alluded to as the P8 or Political Eight). The Denver Summit of the Eight was an achievement, stamping full Russian interest in everything except money related and certain financial conversations; and the 1998 Birmingham Summit saw full Russian support, bringing forth the Group of Eight, or G8 (in spite of the fact that the G7 kept on working close by the conventional highest points). At the Kananaskis Summit in Canada in 2002, it was reported that Russia would have the G8 Summit in 2006, hence finishing its procedure of turning into a full part (http://www.g7.utoronto.ca/what_is_g8.html see likewise http://www.g8online.org/, http://www.g8.utoronto.ca/). G8 and Millennium Summit Goals G8, at the most recent Gleneagles Summit, has secured a few zones of contemporary difficulties to global network. One of the significant concerns has been the topic of neediness in

Law -Case Response Term Paper - 275 Words

Law -Case Response (Term Paper Sample) Content: Name:Tutor:Course:Number:Date:Law -Case Response On many occasions, the parties to a contract are not the only people who have duties or rights arising from the contract. Third parties may have duties or rights in the contract and are of three categories namely assignees, delegates and beneficiaries. The case involving Thomas, Jessie, and Douglas requires determination of third-party beneficiaries. A third-party beneficiary is defined as a person who stands to enjoy benefits of a contract they never signed. An illustration of a third party recipient or beneficiary is exemplified in the case of a life insurance policy. The person who is compensated or paid by the insurance company is the third-party beneficiary. Referring to the case involving Douglas, Thomas, and Jessie, the main task in this paper is to decide whether Douglas is a third party recipient/beneficiary to Thomas and Jessie contract. For Douglas to qualify as a third-party recipient there are conditions th at must have been met at the formation of the contract between Jessie and Thomas. In order for Douglas to have a right in Thomas and Jessies contract, he must prove that he is an intended beneficiary and not an incidental recipient. Jessie entered in a contract with Thomas and was given $1000 repayable within 30 days. At the formation of this contract there was no expressed intention from Thomas or evidence that the money to be repaid was to benefit Douglas (a third party). This makes Douglas and incidental rec... Law -Case Response Term Paper - 275 Words Law -Case Response (Term Paper Sample) Content: Name:Tutor:Course:Number:Date:Law -Case Response On many occasions, the parties to a contract are not the only people who have duties or rights arising from the contract. Third parties may have duties or rights in the contract and are of three categories namely assignees, delegates and beneficiaries. The case involving Thomas, Jessie, and Douglas requires determination of third-party beneficiaries. A third-party beneficiary is defined as a person who stands to enjoy benefits of a contract they never signed. An illustration of a third party recipient or beneficiary is exemplified in the case of a life insurance policy. The person who is compensated or paid by the insurance company is the third-party beneficiary. Referring to the case involving Douglas, Thomas, and Jessie, the main task in this paper is to decide whether Douglas is a third party recipient/beneficiary to Thomas and Jessie contract. For Douglas to qualify as a third-party recipient there are conditions th at must have been met at the formation of the contract between Jessie and Thomas. In order for Douglas to have a right in Thomas and Jessies contract, he must prove that he is an intended beneficiary and not an incidental recipient. Jessie entered in a contract with Thomas and was given $1000 repayable within 30 days. At the formation of this contract there was no expressed intention from Thomas or evidence that the money to be repaid was to benefit Douglas (a third party). This makes Douglas and incidental rec...

Electromotive Force Definition (EMF)

Electromotive force is the electric potential generated by either a electrochemical cell or a changing magnetic field. It is also known as voltage. It is electrical action produced by a non-electrical source, such as a battery (converts chemical energy to electrical energy) or generator (converts mechanical energy into electrical energy). Although the term contains the word force its not akin to a force in physics that would be measured in newtons or pounds.Electromotive force is commonly denoted by the acronym emf, EMF or a cursive letter E.The SI unit for electromotive force is the volt.

Strategic Human Resource Development - 3112 Words

Introduction There is now a general acceptance of a stakeholder theory of the modern organization (see, e.g.[1, 2,3]). Such a theory implies that managers have a duty to stakeholders. Stakeholders are defined as those groups who have a stake in or claim on the firm. Translated to the human resource development (HRD) context it suggests that each stakeholder group has a right not to be treated as a means to some end and should therefore participate in determining the future direction of human resource development activities within the organization. The evolution of a strategic HRD concept has also highlighted the need for the application of a stakeholder theory to HRD within the organization. Commentators such as Sparrow and Pettigrew[ 4]†¦show more content†¦The first is that the current state of the HRD function is the result of the supporting and the resisting forces brought to bear on the function by the stakeholders. Thus the present status of the HRD function is at best a temporary balance of opposing forces. Some of these forces provide resources and support to the function while others serve as barriers or constraints. The forces are generated by stakeholders in the course of pursuing their specific interests, goals and objectives. The second premiss is that the outcomes of the HRD function s strategies are the collective result of all the forces brought to bear on it by its stakeholders during implementation. The function is always in a state of quasi-equilibrium as it attempts to balance the various stakeholder forces. Each time the HRD function acts and its stakeholders respond, a new temporary balance is achieved. The status and performance of the HRD function at a given point in the future depends on the equilibrium it achieves throughout the period it is implementing its strategies. These two premisses lead to an important conclusion. The validity of the strategies implemented by the HRD function always depend on the assumptions that are made about its stakeholders and about the steps they will take during the planning and implementation of HRD strategies to involve key stakeholders. Models of HRD stakeholder management at the strategic level Based on detailed analysis of 16Show MoreRelatedStrategic Human Resource Development Framework1614 Words   |  7 Pagestheir Human Capital (HC) and understand how to incorporate HR policies into everyday decision making and long term planning. First we start by defining Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM). We then look into what purpose it serves in an organisation. Then we look into the different models of SHRM how these models compare with each other. Literature review intends to develop a new framework which is a combination of two frameworks, The Harvard Model and the Warwick model of SHRM. STRATEGIC HUMANRead MoreDevelopment Of Strategic Human Resource Management3563 Words   |  15 Pagesin this academic research study. The role and contribution of SHRM in this direction is considered inseparable. It helps in encouraging new forms of working and making the environment suitable and adequate for effective work. The aspect of Strategic Human Resource Management facilitates in achieving the business performance through productive and satisfied employees, enhanced knowledge sharing and collaboration, speedier process of work flow and synchronizing the business activities in accordance withRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Development Plan2515 Words   |  11 PagesCOMPANY X STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT PLAN A Proposal by Edwin C. 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Each of these things go hand in hand with one another and they help make the overall company more successful and reliable in the eye of not only its employees but the people who choose to buy or use them in any way. This paperRead MoreThe Training And Development Part Of The Strategic Human Resource Management2440 Words   |  10 Pagesoccurs when making those boundaries vanish. Our aim is to discuss all the existing and potential challenges of this new boundaryless organisation system and try to find out the solution to these problems based on the training and development part of the Strategic Human Resource Management. 2. Boundaryless Organisation and Its Following Challenges The concept of ‘boundaryless organisation’ was first put forward by former General Electric chairman Jack Welch in order to help his company adaptRead MoreCapital Equipment Leasing Strategic Human Resource Development Plan1673 Words   |  7 Pages CEL Capital Equipment Leasing Strategic Human Resource Development Plan A Proposal by Tim Bowles OMM-618 Strategic Management in Human Resources Management Instructor Prof. Maja Zelihic May 12, 2015 Executive Summary As Capital Equipment Leasing continues to grow, the need to establish a more mature HR Development program that responds to the company’s needs to succeed in a fast growing market. Traditional values include optimism about the future. The contents of this report areRead MoreHuman Resource Management Development and Strategic Management Enhanced by Simulation Exercises6607 Words   |  27 Pagescom/researchregister The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/0262-1711.htm Human resource management development and strategic management enhanced by simulation exercises Peter R.J. Trim Department of Management, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK Keywords Management development, Mentoring, Strategic management, Simulation Abstract In order to meet the challenges of the marketplace, senior management needs to ensure that an organisationRead MoreTrace the Development of Strategic Human Resource Management from the Resource Based View of the Firm. How Does the Resource Based View of the Firm Facilitate and Inhibit the Actual Practice of Strategic Human Resource Management.1538 Words   |  7 PagesToday, human resources are seen as the available talents and energies of people who are available to an organization as potential contributors to the creation and realization of the organizations mission, vision, strategy and goals (Jackson and Schuler, 2000, p. 37).There exist two models that seek to describe what strategy is and how an organization should develop such strategy. The first model known as the Industrial Organization (I/O) model is based on the assumption that firms competing inRead MoreIssues Involved When You Try to T ake a Strategic Approach to Human Resource Management and Development3752 Words   |  16 PagesThis essay is going to define strategic human resource management and development (SHRM/D) and briefly mention why this concept is important for organizations, I will then briefly mention other underlying concepts about strategic people management, and then go to the core of the essay and discuss the issues that are involved when we try to take a strategic approach to human resource management and development(HRM/D).Lastly I shall conclude by giving the extent to which my organization’s experienceRead MoreHow Strategic Management Plan And The Human Resource Planning Process1410 Words   |  6 PagesFor this assignment we will examine how strategic management plans are established and redefine to keep the organizations moving forward in growth. Management promotes and brings about a change in the structure to keep it active and efficient in the approaches to achieving its goals a nd objective. The strategy behind the approaches correlation is what leads to actually implementing and providing data to analyze on an ongoing basis to enhance the strategic plan of the organization. The relationship

Business Operation of a Travel Agency-Free-Sample for Students

Question: Discuss about the usage and value of Information and Communication Technology in the everyday Business operation of a travel agency. Answer: Travel agency includes private retailers that provide facilities to the customers related to the travel and tourism on the behalf of the suppliers. Information and communication technology has usage and value in the travel agency for the daily operations. The increase in the usage of the internet by the people made the companies to use the internet in their working. ICT brings change in the professional as well in the personal lives. The travel booking system is changed with the emergence of the ICT. Everyday business operations are possible because of the use of the information and communication technology (Yiu, Law, 2016). Below given are some of the value and usage of the ICT in daily operations of a travel agency. Coordination- Advance information and communication technology provided a wide scope to the travel agency. With the help of internet connections, the travel agency can easily coordinate with the customers as well as with the business partners. Agency can give the details related their travel by communicating them (Pappas, 2015). Apart from proper coordination, the speed of information transfer will also improve. Organization working- Computers, hardware, and software help the travel agency in the working. ITC advanced age brought software and computers with the help of which travel agency can store data on daily basis. Enterprise-level software like Unit4's Central Command permits travel agency to manage the business data, this brings efficiency in the working of the travel agency. The booking process is taken care by the agencies with the use of ICT. Video text system is used by the UK 97% Travel agents (International Federation for IT and Travel Tourism, 2017). Online booking- Travel companies are selling their travel package on the online website. This might bring a decline in the business of the travel agencies. Though, Questex travel group said that still 55% of the airline travel bookings, 73% of the package travel bookings and 77% of the cruise bookings are possible because of the travel agencies. This is possible because of the adaptation and implementation of the advanced technologies. Value added to service- Travel agencies are preferred by the customer because nowadays these agencies are adding value to the services. Travel agencies try to bring improvement in the user experience. GPS tracking technology builds the trust of the customers on the travel agencies. Many companies use GPS tracking not only in travel but also in transportation for the daily purpose. Technology supports agencies to track the customer's activities with the help of the CRM system and Personalize service. Australian travel agencies provide a mode of sharing feedback with the customers through which agencies will be able to identify the problems (Meriague, 2014). Then, agencies can take corrective steps to improve the services. Turnover increases- Travel agencies turnover increased after using the updated technology. Agencies used CRSs/GDSs increase the productivity of the travel agencies. For example- In Germany, travel agencies introduced the German START system could lesser their traditional communication charges- 22% and increased their turnover- 17% (International Federation for IT and Travel Tourism, 2017). Computer Reservation Systems and global distribution system is part of the daily Operating's of the travel agencies. References International Federation for IT and Travel Tourism. (2017). Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism. Viewed on 2nd August 2017, https://www.ifitt.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/ICTs-in-Tour-Operators-and-Travel-Agencies.pdf Meriague, O.E., (2014). The Role of ICT in the Tourism Industry. Viewed on 2nd August 2017, https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2014/01/121365/the-role-of-ict-in-the-tourism-industry/ Pappas, N. (2015). Internet use and destination preferences: evidence from Crete and Cyprus. In Strategic Infrastructure Development for Economic Growth and Social Change (pp. 218-236). IGI Global. Yiu, M., Law, R. (2016). Technological impacts on knowledge sharing: A case study of three travel agencies in Hong Kong. Tourism Recreation Research, 41(1), 2-15.

Successfully Navigating the Turbulent Skies of a Large-Scale Erp Implementation free essay sample

I will also address how the project team managed and communicated it’s vision amongst the firm and how the new roles were defined, communicated amp; understood. The analysis will focus up to and including the implementation of the system. As the company grew over the years, Bombardier’s strategy of growth by acquisition turned the firm into a â€Å"textbook silo organization†. This created problems as systems did not communicate with each other effectively. This inefficiency generated additional costs because the firm had to maintain all the different systems. Another problem, related to the operation of the aerospace division, was the low visibility of inventory and lack of integration between the old computer systems. This caused process delays, low inventory turns amp; price inconsistency from suppliers. The Bombardier Manufacturing System (BMS) , the group of information technology applications that had been supporting Bombardier Aerospace’s manufacturing activities, had not evolved to cope with the fast changes. We will write a custom essay sample on Successfully Navigating the Turbulent Skies of a Large-Scale Erp Implementation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The BMS capabilities had become limited. We can assume that Bombardier was not a fully integrated company at that time because there was a clear lack of coordination and unity. An example would be how employees would create numerous stand-alone databases throughout the company on operations specific to their function without realizing the negative effect it causes to the rest of the organization such as data errors or omissions. But Bombardier Aerospace was working on becoming an integrated Company, as the Vice-President of Operations and Project Sponsor was aware of the challenges and created a Vision: â€Å"One Company†: To align the operations of its acquired companies by implementing common roles and responsibilities. To meet this enormous challenge, a Enterprise Resource planning (ERP) system was first implemented at Bombardier Aerospace. The first attempt in 2000 was a costly failure. The implementation of this technology without the corresponding organizational changes was the main reason of its failure. The factors that contributed to its breakdown are identified as : Focusing the implementation on inappropriate business processes, an outdated company vision, a weak sponsorship model, insufficient involvement of internal employees and having too many third-party consultants employed on the project. In October 2001, Bombardier Manufacturing Information System (BMIS) was created by the Senior Project Manager to establish a new integrated manufacturing system. BMIS was the first project launched with a vision of an integrated organization. Once completed it would support 9,500 users over seven sites and the main benefit of the system’s integration is the cost savings of over $1. 171 billion and a one time reduction in material inventory of $219 million. To Create amp; implement such a system, a blue print of the operation was created. An integration team was formed; There role was to identify integration points where a process crossed functional boundaries, and independently resolve integration points that could potentially cause disagreement. The functional council took high –level decisions regarding the design of the projects. The BMIS team requested that the plants provide them with experienced employees for the design phase. Some problems that the BMIS project manager was concerned about is that there was a lack of strong business employees, although empowered to make decisions and complete the design had to constantly go back to the business in order to validate. Another problem was the documentation that was requested by the BMIS team were not provided. As a result, the Design phase ran over schedule by several months. Bombardier Aerospace decided to go with a progressive implementation of the system. BMIS would be implemented one plant at a time starting with there newest facility, the Mirabel Plant. The Critical success factor for the project was the â€Å" Vanilla† approach to system design: It was important that the first roll-out or implementation of the system at the Mirabel plant to be a controlled one. Bombardier limited the scope of the first roll-out one section at a time and trained the rest of the shop accordingly. This approach would siege the system to one part of the plant and identify lessons for subsequent roll-outs. The Restructuring of the procurement function plays an important role in realizing the vision of the BMIS. As was stated earlier, one of the problems the firm faced was the low visibility of inventory. By improving the visibility, you can reduce inventory levels that would improve liquidity and reduce cycle time. It was decided mid-project to restructure the procurement function, it was undertaken in parallel with the implementation of the BMIS and was called the Material Resource Planning Technology. The main idea for procurement was to minimize the total acquisition cost and overall procurement costs by concentrating on a centralized and strategic sourcing of inventory. This big change would require the training of new employees and have them ready to use the new system. Data Management was also a parallel project, it can be divided in 2 activities: 1. Data Cleansing: identified as a major risk of the project. 2. Data Preparation: Extraction, mapping, staging and consolidation of data. Before going live it was important to prepare the users in utilizing the new system. Due to the pressure of staying on schedule, training were delivered to users in a short period of time which wasn’t effective because transmitting such a large amount of information in a sort period resulted in a negative effect. Successfully Navigating the Turbulent Skies of a Large-Scale ERP Implementation free essay sample Bombardier’s Background Bombardier started in the year 1942 and went on to become a key player in the transportation industry. It entered the market of rail transportation in 1974 and 8 years later its desire to diversify led it to enter the Aerospace Industry. By January 31, 2007 Bombardier Transportation posted revenues of $ 6.6 Billion of which 55% came from Aerospace division. The Aerospace division has headquarters in Montreal and is the 3rd largest designer and manufacturer of commercial aircraft in the world. Bombardier Aerospace believed that regional jet is necessary to compete with the range of 1000 seat planes that its nearest rival Embraer in introducing the market. The detrimental impact of 9/11, war in Iraq have led to reduction of passenger numbers for large carriers which gave Bombardier a firm position in the airline industry. Business Problem As the company grew over the years, Bombardier’s strategy of growth by acquisition turned the firm into a â€Å"textbook silo organization†. We will write a custom essay sample on Successfully Navigating the Turbulent Skies of a Large-Scale ERP Implementation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This created problems as systems did not communicate with each other effectively. This inefficiency generated additional costs because the firm had to maintain all the different systems. Another problem, related to the operation of the aerospace division, was the low visibility of inventory and lack of integration between the old computer systems. This caused process delays, low inventory turns price inconsistency from suppliers. The Bombardier Manufacturing System (BMS), the group of information technology applications that had been supporting Bombardier Aerospace’s manufacturing activities, had not evolved to cope with the fast changes. The BMS capabilities had become limited. We can assume that Bombardier was not a fully integrated company at that time because there was a clear lack of coordination and unity. An example would be how employees would create numerous stand-alone databases throughout the company on operations specific to their function. Solution for the business problem Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system was considered by Aerospace as best way to realize the strategic vision.It was realized early on by senior management that if the many assorted clerical process could be organized under one overarching system, the resulting efficiency would enable a savings of 1.71 billion dollars. First ERP Implementation Wasted approximately 130 million dollars due to an improper alignment of IT and business strategy. Accordingly, this time around there existed great imperative to ensure that the new project team created a blue print that â€Å"cut a line through the processes horizontally†. The design of the PC term project is based on similar principles diverging perhaps only on how Bombardier insourced rather than outsourced its development. Nonetheless, like how the consulting group PC contracted has also overpriced its services to the tune of $6,000 dollars yearly (See Cost-Benefit Analysis), the innumerable consultants Bombardier originally hired delivered a product whose quality was out of proportion to its price. Another parallel lies in how for both Projects, meetings with the senior management needed to be conduct so as to ensure that the proposed and design project appropriately captured the company’s business strategy. The case presents the implementation of an ERP system in Bombardier, along with all the major changes the corporation undertook for a successful transition. The problem that Bombardier is facing is the ability to find out how to implement an ERP system that will contribute to the large inherited data and processes from other sectors of the company. At this point Bombardier is facing compatibility issues with their systems. An answer was needed to enable and establish a better way of communication between systems or establish an alternative to become a better centralized system and find a solution to the lack of integration of their legacy systems. Problem/Issue Statement The problem presented by Joseph-Armand Bombardier is the upcoming third round of ERP implementation in his organization. Even though a big improvement over the efficiency and success of execution between the first ERP round (Mirabel plant) and second round (Saint-Laurent plant), there is still room for improvement. The focus is to identify the practices vs. the best of the best practices in the industry in relation to ERP implementation and offer specifics on how to make this third round provide a higher success rate. Main Problem: The rollout of ERP at the Mirabel plant and then followed by the Saint-Laurent plant did improve, but still had their fair share of challenges. Our area of improvement will be from the results given after ERP went live at Saint-Laurent. The main problem appears to be still be a disconnect between the business vs. project team and properly communicating and training those who will be using the new ERP system (SAP in this situation). While the overall response was positive, not every issue from the Mirabel plant has been corrected and resolved. Symptoms: A few symptoms mentioned was that specialized knowledge was concentrated in a few individuals, embellishing the scorecards to mask some of the issues, gaps in understanding of priority between project team and actual business, and finally some feedback on wanting SAP to have done more for an individual’s current job. The scope of the problem involves the next plant/location of Bombardier that will have ERP implemented to replace their legacy system. It is vital to establish â€Å"best of best† practices to provide a seamless transition with positive short and long-term results. We do not want to take a step backwards with loss of productivity, dissatisfied employees, and weak communication within the organization. Situation Assessment The context of the problem is based primarily on improvements over the last ERP implementation from the Saint-Laurent plant as well as looking at the best of best industry practices for successfully rolling out ERP in a large size corporation. We, as the consultants, must look at what’s been done both  internally and externally, and develop strategies to help guide Bombardier into a smoother process. Again, with looking at the symptoms that Bombardier is currently experiencing post-Saint Laurent plant, the company has a clearer vision on how to proceed. The decision criteria to consider include: Greater active involvement with management, stronger communication, closer link between business and support group, and increase in productivity and output. List of Plausible Alternative Courses of Action and Evaluations The alternative courses of actions would be to adopt key best-of-best practices that have led to a positive ERP implementation. Based on a study down by Panorama Consulting (Link# 1), we see that five key findings found in ERP implementations done in 2010 include the following: ERP implementations take longer than expected Software as a service (SaaS) implementations take less time than on-premise ERP implementations, but deliver less business value Companies do not effectively manage the organizational changes of ERP Based on these five problems, I would recommend that Bombardier adopt/continue to strengthen the following best practices (Cite #1): 1. Executive management should endorse the ERP project and remain active throughout implementation. – As was seen with the Saint Laurent plant, management was very active in meetings, progress reports, and being a pro-voice for ERP. Even the Vice-President could be seen at the location promoting the new software. Moving forward, this model should be continued and strengthened. By having upper management communicate (see item# 5) the feedback and updates to all personnel, it will show that every employee has a role to play and is vital to the success of this rollout. 2. Project manager should be assigned full-time to the implementation. – By not having to separate one’s time from work and ERP preparation, you can ensure that focus and attention is being given as a high priority. This will trickle down to show employees that this is not a haphazard process, but one that takes time and is meant to have a lasting effect on the organization. 3. Employees should receive  training on how to work as a team on a project before implementation begins. – With SAP, departments are connecting in a way that may be unfamiliar to those who were used to having their own system and methodology for working. For that reason, I would recommend having these team building exercises to make everyone aware and comfortable with sharing information. Aside from that, it is important for everyone to know how their work in the new system can directly (and indirectly) affect others in different departments. For instance, knowing what happens when a wrong route code is entered and the effect it has on logistics can help to prevent these errors and eliminate this â€Å"me† mentality. 4. Employees should receive training before and after implementation. One key area that was improved from the Mirabel implementation was that not a lot of training should be given before vs. after ERP is live. Instead, it is wise to have the employees aware of the changes coming, but to also provide more in depth training sessions and refresher courses after those employees have had time to use the system. As stated in the case, a lot of unknown problems/issues originated after the system went live and the company would do well to retain a support staff on location (or easily accessible via phone/computer) if questions do arise. 5. Communication must be maintained throughout process and in an efficient manner. – By holding department meetings, producing a newsletter, or just having impromptu updates, employees will be kept in the loop and will see the importance of ERP implementation. While management would not want to communicate any issues during these phases, it would be wise to be honest with employees and to offer a forum for feedback and suggestions. This is important as the employees will be the ones using the system more than anyone else involved in setting up ERP and when employees concerns go unheard, it can lead to disengagement and resentment. I am not too concerned about budget costs, mainly because Bombardier is already familiar with the process and as they continue to bring SAP over to their other facilities, there is a positive network effect of sharing information from the other locations and even bringing those â€Å"power users† over to assist. Whereas other companies looked at in other case studies may have had experienced far greater risks with ERP implementation, this is because the organization was not ready for change. Case Study Conclusions While viewing the quality and logical recommendation, it is right to say that Bombardier should allow the ERP process to take place once more and finish what was once started. With the BMIS team created, training and support would be available to be present during future implementations which would create a positive influence on all the employees who are new to it all. Having training before and after the implementation would allow those who were never working on the same systems integrate and have familiarity working together. During the implementations, the upper management should always be present along with the BMIS team. The presence with upper management influences not only the employees but the consultants also. Also, the divisions would also need support while the entire company is being implemented because they are also in the loop . With ERP, Bombardier would allow their vision to become â€Å"One Company† and allow all their divisions to share and become centralized as a whole.

Stream Order - The Classification of Streams and Rivers

Stream Order - The Classification of Streams and Rivers One of the most important aspects of physical geography is the study of the worlds natural environment and resources - one of which is water. Because this area is so important, geographers, geologists, and hydrologists alike use stream order to study and measure the size of the worlds waterways. A stream is classified as a body of water that flows across the Earths surface via a current and is contained within a narrow channel and banks. Based on stream order and local languages, the smallest of these waterways are also sometimes called brooks and/or creeks. Large waterways (at the highest level the stream order) are called rivers and exist as a combination of many tributary streams. Streams can also have local names such as bayou or burn. The Stream Order Geological Society of America Bulletin When using stream order to classify a stream, the sizes range from a first-order stream all the way to the largest, a 12th order stream. A first-order stream is the smallest of the worlds streams and consists of small tributaries. These are the streams that flow into and feed larger streams but do not normally have any water flowing into them. In addition, first and second order streams generally form on steep slopes and flow quickly until they slow down and meet the next order waterway. First through third order streams are also called headwater streams and constitute any waterways in the upper reaches of the watershed. It is estimated that over 80% of the world’s waterways are these first through third order or headwater streams. Going up in size and strength, streams that are classified as fourth through sixth order are medium streams while anything larger (up to 12th order) is considered a river. For example, to compare the relative size of these different streams, the Ohio River in the United States is an eighth order stream while the Mississippi River is a tenth order stream. The world’s largest river, the Amazon in South America, is considered a 12th order stream. Unlike the smaller order streams, these medium and large rivers are usually less steep and flow slower. They do however tend to have larger volumes of runoff and debris as it collects in them from the smaller waterways flowing into them. Going Up in Order If however, two streams of different order join neither increases in order. For example, if a second order stream joins a third order stream, the second order stream simply ends by flowing its contents into the third order stream, which then maintains its place in the hierarchy. The Importance of Stream Order Stream order also helps people like biogeographers and biologists in determining what types of life might be present in the waterway. This is the idea behind the River Continuum Concept, a model used to determine the number and types of organisms present in a stream of a given size. More different types of plants, for example, can live in sediment-filled, slower flowing rivers like the lower Mississippi than can live in a fast-flowing tributary of the same river. More recently, stream order has also been used in geographic information systems (GIS) in an effort to map river networks. The algorithm, developed in 2004, uses vectors (lines) to represent the various streams and connects them using nodes (the place on the map where the two vectors meet). By using the different options available in ArcGIS, users can then change the line width or color to show the different stream orders. The result is a topologically correct depiction of the stream network that has a wide variety of applications. Whether it is used by a GIS, a biogeographer, or a hydrologist, stream order is an effective way to classify the world’s waterways and is a crucial step in understanding and managing the many differences between streams of different sizes.

A Killer Whale Study

A Killer Whale Study Killer Whales The orca, or the killer, whale is one of the most well-known and most majestic of the sea. Belonging to the dolphin family, the killer whale is found all over the worlds oceans and has been the object of study by many animal researchers over the past few decades. Killer whales are unique mammals in the ways that they live, for example, feeding and migration, also the mother-child relationship. Apart from being such an interesting animal, they are currently endangered. When most people think of killer whales, Shamu comes to mind; the first killer whale to successfully thrive in captivity, also the iconic symbol of the SeaWorld parks. Since the killer whales early notoriety with SeaWorld, the development of better researching techniques, such as satellite tagging, have become important in understanding many aspect of the species, as well as learning how to protect them. Killer whales are usually found in pods, which are large groups that can range anywhere from ten to eighty members. Interestingly enough, each pod is a unique family consisting of blood related whales. When a calf is born into a pod, the mother cares for it closely for many calves die when they are very young from illness, accidents, or even predators such as large sharks (Carwardine, 4). If the calf survives its early years, it will remain in the pod for the rest of its life. Each pod has its own special language, or dialect in the believed and complex way of communication among other killer whales, and all members of the pod are similar in appearance, even though no two orcas look exactly alike (Carwardine, 4). Another distinguishing feature of killer whales is their Dorsal fin. Male killer whales have a huge dorsal fin that can grow up to six feet, females, however, have a much smaller and more curved dorsal fin (Carwardine, 4). In comparison to their large fins, adult orcas whale s can weigh from three to eleven tons, and male orcas grow to an average length of twenty-three to twenty-seven feet but can reach lengths of up to thirty-two feet, and female orcas average between twenty and twenty-two feet (Killer Whale, National Parks Conservation Association). Pods of killer whales have been recorded in virtually all oceans and major seas and from all open-water habitat zones (Dahlheim et al., 1981). Although they have been spotted all over, their primary habitat is in the freezing cold waters of the polar regions, for example the Arctic and Antarctic (Carwardine, 4). Another characteristic of killer whales and all other members of the cetaceansthe group of animals that consists of whales, dolphins, and porpoisesis that they only receive one set of a hundred teeth that are pointed and sharp for catching and tearing prey (Carwardine, 4). The killer whale appears to be an opportunistic feeder; diet may vary from one region to the next, among age and sex classes, and within years (Kirkevold and Lockard, 47). The unusual list of prey includes many types of fish, birds, other small cetaceans, sea lions, seals, electric rays, and outrageously even blue whales, great white sharks, as well as other killer whales (Kirkevold and Lockard, 47). Killer whales are known to work together while hunting, developing special techniques and skills for different foods that they hunt. In the Antarctic, they work together by tipping sleeping seals and penguins from ice floes into the waiting mouths of other members of the pod (Carwardine, 27). One of the most interestin g methods of hunting prey is used by killer whales off the coast of Argentina on the Punta Norte beaches, where several pods have learned how to catch young elephant seals and sea lion pups in the shallows (Carwardine, 28). The whales survey the beaches for their target and once they have found a victim easy enough for them to catch, they rush toward the beach so fast that they surge out of the water and onto the beach, leaving their prey no time to escape (Carwardine, 29). Most whales and dolphins are in serious trouble when they strand like this, but the killer whales of Punta Norte grab their prey and then wriggle back into the sea (Carwardine, 30). Other methods of finding food underwater is using Echolocation, where the whales make special clicking sounds and listen for the echoes that bounce back (Carwardine, 31). In 1997, possibly one of the most impressive and incredible accounts of an orca whales choice in food was when two whales off the coast of Californias Farallon Islands attacked and killed a great white shark. Peter Pyle, a biologist who studied the birds and sharks of the Farallon area, was the expert on hand when the strange event unfolded (Turner, Showdown at Sea). Pyle recalled seeing two whales that were later identified as belonging to an L.A. pod, attacking the shark. After about five minutes, the liver had been ripped out of the shark and was tastefully being enjoyed by the whales as the carcass of the dead shark sank (Turner, Showdown at Sea). The incident was beyond odd. No oneanywherehad ever recorded seeing a killer whale attack a great white. And then something even stranger happened: The sharks of the Farallones vanished (Turner, Showdown at Sea). Many researchers have tried to understand why the killer whales had targeted the shark as prey, and most have concluded that the behavior is pretty much unique to the L.A. pod, a cetacean gang so strange a better moniker might be the Odd Pod (Turner, Showdown at Sea). Since then, researchers have studied the relationship between killer whales and sharks and have come to find that even though humans fear the great white shark as the ultimate predator, sharks may perceive their rank differently (Turner, Showdown at Sea). Despite the many locations of killer whales, the population has been declining over the past two decades. The surprising element that is mostly to blame for the decline in whale numbers is found in their food supply. For example, schools of fish that are commonly preyed upon by orcas have been minimized due to factors, including degradation of spawning habitat, reduced ocean survival, and over-fishing (Ford et al., 97). Temporary closures of fisheries to protect the whales livelihood became an option, until it became a major problem with the declining fishing industry. Another startling discovery posing a huge threat to the killer whales was finding dangerously high levels of PCBs and other contaminants in their blubber, a high enough level to rank them as one of the worlds most polluted cetacean populations (Ford et al. 98). As top-level predators in the food web, killer whales ingest a variety of human-made industrial pollutants through their diet (Ford et al., 98). The dangerous p ollutants that pour into the sea every day from factories, farmland and towns threaten the health of the whales and shorten the life-span and leave them more susceptible to disease. Fortunately, PCBs are no longer produced in North America, but the security of the stored PCBs is questionable, and it seems likely that the pollutants will continue to seep into the whales habitat for years to come unless serious international efforts are made to eliminate them (Ford et al., 99). Although pollution and deterioration of food sources are key factors in the decline of killer whale populations, there are still other small factors, such as, incidents where whales are harmed or killed by boat propellers and even oil spills. The protection of these animals is necessary for their current status is endangered in some areas such as off the coasts of North America, and threatened in others. There are many aspects that make the killer whale such a defining beauty of the sea. First, their high intelligence level and well developed systems of communication set them apart from many animals. Then the culture they express commonly with family pods and strategized group hunting classifies them as a much more advanced species. Finally, the evolutionary domination of the seas as a high ranked animal of the food pyramid only remarks them as an incredible animal. There are many different species of the sea with many different characteristics that make them interesting, but none are as truly amazing as the killer whale. With laws in place to further protect the populations of killer whales many hope to see them prosper and live on for many centuries to come.

The effect of the community sports leaders award on coaching efficacy Essay

The effect of the community sports leaders award on coaching efficacy - Essay Example The relevance of the work is displayed through the fact that there can hardly be found any profound researches which confirm the relationship of the coach training and the achievements of the athletes. The fact, that coaches should understand the role of the education efficacy as well as the main measurements and requirements towards this efficacy, which will ultimately lead to the higher indices of sport achievements among students and youth athletes. Coaching efficacy is measured through the extent, to which the coaches believe their efforts will provide positive results of their training for the athletes. Thus, it is necessary to provide the basic research in the area of possible connections between the self confidence of the coaches and the achievements of their athletes, thus giving the ground for further research in the similar areas. Youth sport coaches are expected to develop knowledge in a wide range of disciplines including anatomy, physiology, sport psychology and pedagogy (Martens, 1997), they traditionally received little formal training through coach education programmes. The effectiveness of these programmes has been questioned (Douge & Hastie, 1993; Woodman, 1993) and large scale coach education programmes have been criticised for their low ecological validity (Gilbert & Trudel, 1999; Houseworth, Davis & Dobbs, 1990). More recently the importance of coaching to athlete development and national sporting success has been recognised (Sports Coach UK, 2002,) and as a result it has been identified that effective instruction is crucial to the pursuit of optimal sporting performance (Hodges & Franks, 2002). The more effective the instruction, the more fully the instructors role will benefit the athlete. Such instruction requires expert knowledge and a range of skills such as planning and organising in order to facilitate learning experiences and athlete performance. Coaches must also develop a repertoire of sport specific techniques and tactics,

Prostitution - Analysis of Positivism and Classicism within Assignment

Prostitution - Analysis of Positivism and Classicism within Criminology via the Lens of Article - Assignment Example A discussion and analysis of the principle tenets of both positivism and classicism with regards to criminology will be engaged with.   Although it is not the purpose of this analysis to state that one approach is better than the other, the underlying goal is merely to state which one is the most effective in helping the reader to come to an appreciation of the causal and motivating factors that might have driven the individual to commit crime the first place. As a means of briefly describing the article to the reader prior seeking to define in terms of either positivism or classicism, the following serve as something of a brief summary. The article details the results of the plea bargain that was entered into by Ms Alexis Wright. Rather than facing a jury trial with over the charges, Ms Wright instead opted for a plea bargain that would see her serve 10 months in jail and pay a fine of just less than $60,000. Investigators case, the article reveals, had been gathering information upon Miss Wright as well as others involved, including client, for the space of nearly 2  ½ years. As with most high profile prostitution stings, Ms Wright’s enterprise made headline news in one of the nation’s most prominent newspapers due to two main factors (Seelye 1). The first of these is with regards to the high profile nature of her client list; referenced in the article is merely mayors, ministers, and high school coaches. The second deter minant that makes this high profile news is the fact that the actual place of prostitution served as both a Zumba studio and was located a mere stone’s throw from the vacation home of former Pres. George Bush. One of the hallmarks of the positivist’s school of thought with relation to criminology is the underlying belief that the individual/criminal is not always spurred on crime based solely upon free will. Rather, precipitating factors such as economic hardship, developmental impairment, or an otherwise incomplete worldview and/or understanding can just as easily lead an individual to commit a crime as can free will.  

Macbeth - Kingship Essay examples -- essays research papers

With detailed reference to the characters of Macbeth, Duncan, Malcolm and Edward in the play ‘Macbeth’, analyse William Shakespeare’s ideas and attributes towards kingship and assess what you think the audiences reaction to the play would be at the time. Shakespeare’s ideas towards kingship can be seen throughout the play. He shows that a king should be chosen by divine right and shows the attributes of what a good king should be. The play ‘Macbeth’ is set in medieval Scotland at the fictional time of King Duncan. Scotland is currently at war with the Norwegians when news of their victory comes through, with thanks to the two leaders of the army Macbeth and Banquo. On their travel home Macbeth and Banquo stumble upon some old hags, and they predict Macbeth’s future to him. This startles Macbeth and his hunger for power grows so much that he and his wife plot to murder the well-respected King Duncan. Under Macbeth’s reign, Scotland becomes a country of turmoil because of the wicked leadership. Macbeth murders his best friend and another friend’s family and because of this Tyranny, paranoia sets in on Macbeth who sees many ghostly visions of people he sent out to be murdered. Scotland greatly suffers under his reign, this turns Lady Macbeth mad, and she eventually commits suicide. Macduff, eventually goes to England to ask for the help of the noble king Edward, who is highly res pected for help to overthrow the leadership of Macbeth, and so the Anglo-Scottish revolt sees Macbeth to his death and Malcolm the son of Duncan is proclaimed king of Scotland. Macbeth is the main character in the play and starts the play as a very hard fighting, loyal soldier whose bravery had just led the way to a victory over the Norwegians. It could be an essay in its own right to talk about how the character of Macbeth develops and changes, at the beginning he is a god-like hero –a firm, strong, loyal character. But through allowing his ambition to suppress his good qualities, he becomes ‘this tyrant’ (act4 sc3 L12 –Malcolm), this ‘dwarfish thief’ (act5 sc3 L12 –Angus) and this ‘hellhound’ (act5 sc6 L42 –Macduff). The character of Macbeth is a study of how one person can degenerate from ‘Bellona’s bridegroom’ (act1 sc2 L55) to ‘this dead butcher’ (act5 sc6 L108). Ambition is his fatal weakness. He allows, first the witches’ prophecy act1 sc3 L46-50 and then his wife’s ambition... ... King Edward of England is the king least of all mentioned in the play, but still we can tell a lot about his character and what type of king he was. We can see that Edward was a good, loyal king, who wasn’t prepared to see others suffer. In act4 sc3 L141-145, a doctor comments on how some ill people touched Edward’s hand and were healed, Malcolm then after comments it is ‘a most miraculous work in this good king.’ Also, we can see that he is a good and caring king as he chooses to help Malcolm and Macduff in their Anglo-Scottish revolt. I have really enjoyed studying this play and it is most probably the best I have read. It is amazing how Shakespeare can make one man fall into evil just because of his lust for power, and not just that it is also the way in which he is able to do it, using his imagination, he is able to enthral his audiences into disbelief. It is clear to see Shakespeare’s ideas towards kingship in the play as Malcolm lists the attributes towards a good king in act4 sc3. I think most of all that the moods of the people at the time would have been mostly in shock at this tragic tale and amazed at the way the playwright could achieve this most gripping story line. Macbeth - Kingship Essay examples -- essays research papers With detailed reference to the characters of Macbeth, Duncan, Malcolm and Edward in the play ‘Macbeth’, analyse William Shakespeare’s ideas and attributes towards kingship and assess what you think the audiences reaction to the play would be at the time. Shakespeare’s ideas towards kingship can be seen throughout the play. He shows that a king should be chosen by divine right and shows the attributes of what a good king should be. The play ‘Macbeth’ is set in medieval Scotland at the fictional time of King Duncan. Scotland is currently at war with the Norwegians when news of their victory comes through, with thanks to the two leaders of the army Macbeth and Banquo. On their travel home Macbeth and Banquo stumble upon some old hags, and they predict Macbeth’s future to him. This startles Macbeth and his hunger for power grows so much that he and his wife plot to murder the well-respected King Duncan. Under Macbeth’s reign, Scotland becomes a country of turmoil because of the wicked leadership. Macbeth murders his best friend and another friend’s family and because of this Tyranny, paranoia sets in on Macbeth who sees many ghostly visions of people he sent out to be murdered. Scotland greatly suffers under his reign, this turns Lady Macbeth mad, and she eventually commits suicide. Macduff, eventually goes to England to ask for the help of the noble king Edward, who is highly res pected for help to overthrow the leadership of Macbeth, and so the Anglo-Scottish revolt sees Macbeth to his death and Malcolm the son of Duncan is proclaimed king of Scotland. Macbeth is the main character in the play and starts the play as a very hard fighting, loyal soldier whose bravery had just led the way to a victory over the Norwegians. It could be an essay in its own right to talk about how the character of Macbeth develops and changes, at the beginning he is a god-like hero –a firm, strong, loyal character. But through allowing his ambition to suppress his good qualities, he becomes ‘this tyrant’ (act4 sc3 L12 –Malcolm), this ‘dwarfish thief’ (act5 sc3 L12 –Angus) and this ‘hellhound’ (act5 sc6 L42 –Macduff). The character of Macbeth is a study of how one person can degenerate from ‘Bellona’s bridegroom’ (act1 sc2 L55) to ‘this dead butcher’ (act5 sc6 L108). Ambition is his fatal weakness. He allows, first the witches’ prophecy act1 sc3 L46-50 and then his wife’s ambition... ... King Edward of England is the king least of all mentioned in the play, but still we can tell a lot about his character and what type of king he was. We can see that Edward was a good, loyal king, who wasn’t prepared to see others suffer. In act4 sc3 L141-145, a doctor comments on how some ill people touched Edward’s hand and were healed, Malcolm then after comments it is ‘a most miraculous work in this good king.’ Also, we can see that he is a good and caring king as he chooses to help Malcolm and Macduff in their Anglo-Scottish revolt. I have really enjoyed studying this play and it is most probably the best I have read. It is amazing how Shakespeare can make one man fall into evil just because of his lust for power, and not just that it is also the way in which he is able to do it, using his imagination, he is able to enthral his audiences into disbelief. It is clear to see Shakespeare’s ideas towards kingship in the play as Malcolm lists the attributes towards a good king in act4 sc3. I think most of all that the moods of the people at the time would have been mostly in shock at this tragic tale and amazed at the way the playwright could achieve this most gripping story line.

Aviation Information Technology

Technological progress has been going on in the sector of Aviation from time to time. Since the 1980s, Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) has been transforming tourism globally. This essay will be looking into the matter how ICT in the aviation industry has changed the way costumers book their flight through internet, by looking at various sources. The other issue the essay would be focusing at is what customers demand from the websites of the airlines to help make their work easier by helping them to find the right thing for them. The development of the ICT specially the internet has empowered the consumers and is giving them an exceptional value for money and time (Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research, 2008). Where internet is helping consumers to save their time on the same time internet is helping the companies to reduce their costs’. Consumers are now able book their paperless tickets online. The fares have been reduced as there are no agents wanting their commission. Sometimes consumers also get financial incentives for self-booking online (eAirlines: strategic and tactical use of ICTs in the airline industry,buhalis,2004). No-frills airlines are using their web sites to attract and communicate directly with consumers (E. Jorgensen, Southwest Airlines: Success Story). This enables them to bypass travel agencies and their commissions. In 2003, both Easyjet and Ryanair achieved more than 92% of their bookings through their web sites, whilst Southwest sold 50% of its tickets on its web site (eAirlines: strategic and tactical use of ICTs in the airline industry). Researching the information is a very significant part of a decision process which has revolutionized by the internet. The more the consumer researches about trip, the more information he has, which eventually helps him deciding the best for him. ICT does not only reduce uncertainty and perceived risks but also enhance the quality of trips (Fodness & Murray, 1997). A well informed consumer is able to interact much better with local people, resources and cultures, to find the services and products that meet his requirement and to take advantage of the reduced prices and special offers(Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research, Dimitrios Buhalis, Rob Law,2008). Global Distribution System (GDS) is a computer reservation system, typically owned jointly by airlines in different countries, that includes reservation databases of suppliers in many countries. Abbreviated GDS. This term has largely replaced â€Å"computerized reservation system (CRS)† as the term of choice within the industry (www. hotel-online. com). Customer’s loyalty towards an airline has become more important and more threatened as a result of heightened competition because of the number of the number of airlines in the industry. Moreover, the increase in competition has increased the cost of loyalty programs that provide a wide variety of benefits to loyal customers or to keep existing customers from moving to other airlines, such as free or discounted tickets, upgrades to premium cabins, separate reservation telephone numbers and check in counters at airports, use of airport lounges, special boarding priority or seating preferences. In order to meet customer expectations, airlines need to track not only the value provided and received from these loyalty benefits but also the costs of providing such benefits. Internet is one of the most influential things that have changed consumers’ behavior. Internet enables the consumers to interact directly with the airline or the suppliers reducing the role of intermediaries. Today consumers want a dynamic package rather than selected few holiday packages, and internet has made this possible by allowing the consumers going directly to the company they want to deal with to customize their products. The internet has been already been influencing the markets of developing countries like China and India by allowing customers to be dynamic. Moving to the choice for the consumers, internet has given consumers a lot of options and choices. Consumers can now look through number of companies who they might want to go with. They can choose from a single journey to a whole customized holiday package. No-Frills airline like ryanair and easyjet focus only on their websites cutting all the unnecessary costs and allowing the customers to book their flights or packages on very low prices. Personal Information is something which a person is very careful about. But, increasingly consumers are willing to provide their personal information in exchange of better services and products that they want. Complain is another very significant issue for a company, in order to provide a way for the customers to provide a feedback and give a complaint, airline companies have a different section on their websites to handle the complains so that there is a proper channel of communication between management and unsatisfied customers. With numerous advantages of the airline websites, comes many problems as it is a computer based system. A computer system can crash any moment which can cause the airline huge losses. A report by Akamai and Jupiter Research has shown that 28% of online shoppers will not wait longer than four seconds for a web page to load before leaving3. Looking at broadband Internet users alone, the number is even higher. A full one third of those abandon a web page if it takes longer than four seconds to load. Needless to say, if a site is down, 100% of the site visitors are turned away. It’s the equivalent of lock ¬ing the door to the store(press. and1. co. uk). Airlines also try to earn more revenue by unfair means. Ryanair has several different hidden costs which increases the cost of a return flight by treble even though it is a low cost airline. ?20 per person per round trip to check in at desk with hand luggage. ?30 / ? 40 per bag per round trip to check in a suitcase with online check in. ?60 per bag per round trip to check in ski or sports equipment. ?10 per person per round trip to pay with cards except an Electron Card. Many sites had multiple problems. The overall trends of problems within the sector are like misleading pricing has emerged as the biggest problem, found in 58% of the sites, irregularities related to contract terms were found in 49% of those sites (missing or wrong language version, and pre-checked boxes for optional services). Problems in which the advertised offers were missing appeared to be in 15% of the sites (europa. eu) This essay has looked into the matter of the role played by internet and the airline websites which help consumers to decide what they want as their option for a single service or a group of services. Internet also provides a consumer a wide range of options as they can go through everything they want to and they want to know about. Consumers can give their personal details to the websites if they are sure that they will get the maximum from the airlines. Internet has been very successful in changing the demands of the consumers, by letting them research about what they want and the airline companies giving them an option to be dynamic. But, there are some problems too with the websites like hidden costs in them or the crashing of the websites. Till now internet has mostly helped and will be always helping the aviation industry. References: europa. eu, 6/11/2009 eAirlines: strategic and tactical use of ICTs in the airline industry,buhalis,2004 E. Jorgensen, Southwest Airlines: Success Story, in www. novell. com, 8/11/2009 hotel-online. com, 8/11/2009 press. 1and1. co. uk, 7/11/2009 Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet: The state of eTourism research, Dimitrios Buhalis Bournemouth University, Rob Law Hong Kong Polytechnic University,2008

Relationship Between Leaders And Follower Selves - 2910 Words

Introduction Everyone is a member of different organizations in different occasions, and human activities are set up on relationships (Homans, 2009, p. 1), so that relevant researches about relationship began decades ago (Vangelisti Perlman, 2006, p. ix). Leader-member-exchange (LMX) theory is a kind of leadership style, which pays attention to a dyadic relationship between leader and member (Graen Cashman, 1975; Graen Uhl-Bien, 1995, Breevaart, Bakker, Demerouti Heuvel, 2015; Wilson, Sin Conlon, 2010). There is a long time history that people began to research the relationship between a leader and follower, and how the relationship can impact on leaders and follower selves (Graen Uhl-Bien, 1995). Most of previously researches†¦show more content†¦359). This essay will be based on interview, and pay attention to leaders to understand the LMX theory with leader’s sight. There will be two leaders, from two different type of companies, have been invited and join in the interview. Then relevant results will be recorded and analyzed. Based on relevant previously researches, at the same time, this report also will accord the results of interviews to show a deep understanding of the Leader-member Exchange theory with following three mainly questions: ï  ¬ How leaders treat followers who have high-quality LMX with them on work? ï  ¬ What limitation that LMX theory has during it application? ï  ¬ How followers improve the relationship between leaders and followers? Literature review Leadership has been defined as an ability that a personal has to cause outstanding performance from others by getting followers, leading and motivating them (Tracy, 2014, p. 2-3). Leadership is not just management or authority, it also refer to social influence and relationships with followers, such as trust between leader and follower, and leader’s personality traits, more communication with followers, and treating each other honestly (Comstock, 2015). Because comparing with management, leadership can make different in different industry and can make the goal be achieved effectively, leadership effectiveness has been paid attention